Kajian Teologis Roma 3:21-26 tentang Pembenaran oleh Iman sebagai Tanggapan terhadap Konsep Universalisme Jürgen Moltmann
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47167/kvf24604Kata Kunci:
faith, Jürgen Moltmann, justification, salvation, universalismAbstrak
The concept of universalism has developed from the beginning of church history to modern times. Jürgen Moltmann, one of the theologians who advocates universalism, uses Romans 3:23-24 as one of his supporting texts. However, Romans 3:21-26 is a paragraph that contains the theme of justification through faith, which is contrary to the concept of universalism. In this research, a theological study was carried out on Romans 3:21-26 to provide a response to Moltmann's concept of universalism. The method used in this research is library research with a descriptive qualitative approach, carried out through an exegetical analysis of Romans 3:21-26. Based on the theological studies conducted, it is evident that in Romans 3:21-26, justification is consistently associated with faith. Therefore, it can be concluded that the use of Romans 3:23-24 to support Moltmann's concept of universalism is not in accordance with Paul’s theological intent in this paragraph, as Paul consistently relates justification to faith in Christ.
Konsep universalisme telah berkembang sejak awal sejarah gereja sampai pada zaman modern. Jürgen Moltmann, salah satu teolog yang mengajarkan universalisme, menggunakan Roma 3:23-24 sebagai salah satu teks pendukungnya. Sebaliknya, Roma 3:21-26 merupakan paragraf yang memuat tema pembenaran melalui iman, yang bertolak belakang dengan konsep universalisme. Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti menelaah Roma 3:21-26 secara teologis untuk memberikan tanggapan terhadap konsep universalisme Moltmann. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian pustaka dengan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif yang dilakukan melalui analisis eksegetis terhadap Roma 3:21-26. Hasil kajian teologis menunjukkan bahwa pembenaran dalam Roma 3:21-26 selalu terkait dengan iman. Oleh karena itu, dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan Roma 3:23-24 untuk mendukung konsep universalisme Moltmann tidak sejalan dengan maksud teologis Paulus dalam paragraf tersebut, karena Paulus secara konsisten mengaitkan pembenaran dengan iman kepada Kristus.
Unduhan
Referensi
Beougher, Timothy K. “Are All Doomed to Be Saved? The Rise of Modern Universalism.” Southern Baptist Journal of Theology 02, no. 2 (1998): 6–24.
Boaheng, Isaac. “The Salvific Efficacy of the Cross: An Exegetical Study of Romans 3:21-26.” International Journal of Social Science Research and Review 6, no. 9 (2023): 271–83. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.47814/ijssrr.v6i9.1646.
Carson, D. A. “Atonement in Romans 3:21-26.” In The Glory of the Atonement, edited by Charles E. Hill and Frank A. James III. Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press, 2004.
DeSilva, David A. An Introduction to the New Testament: Contexts, Methods & Ministry Formation. 2nd ed. Downers Grove: IVP Academic, 2018.
DeVries, Dawn, and B. A. Gerrish. “Providence and Grace: Schleiermacher on Justification and Election.” In The Cambridge Companion to Friedrich Schleiermacher, edited by Jacqueline Mariña. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.
Greggs, Tom. “Apokatastasis: Particularist Universalism in Origen (c. 185-c. 254).” In ‘All Shall Be Well’: Explorations in Universalism and Christian Theology from Origen to Moltmann, edited by Gregory MacDonald. Cambridge: James Clarke & Co, 2011.
———. Barth, Origen, and Universal Salvation. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009.
Grudem, Wayne. Systematic Theology. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2000.
Harries, Richard. “Universal Salvation.” Theology 123, no. 1 (2020): 3–15. https://doi.org/10.1177/0040571X19883532.
Hart, Trevor. “In the End, God …: The Christian Universalism of J. A. T. Robinson.” In ‘All Shall Be Well’: Explorations in Universalism and Christian Theology from Origen to Moltmann, edited by Gregory MacDonald. Cambridge: James Clarke & Co, 2011.
Hunter, James Davison. Evangelicalism: The Coming Generation. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1987.
Keener, Craig S. Romans. New Covenant Commentary Series. Cambridge: The Lutterworth Press, 2009.
Lee, Ki Seong. “A Response to Jürgen Moltmann’s ‘Blessing of Hope.’” Journal of Pentecostal Theology 13, no. 2 (2005): 163–71. https://doi.org/10.1177/0966736905053244.
MacDonald, Gregory. “Introduction: Between Heresy and Dogma.” In All Shall Be Well: Explorations in Universal Salvation and Christian Theology from Origen to Moltmann. Cambridge: James Clarke & Co, 2011.
Moltmann, Jürgen. The Coming of God: Christian Eschatology. Translated by Margaret Kohl. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1996.
———. The Crucified God: The Cross of Christ as the Foundation and Criticism of Christian Theology. Translated by R. A. Wilson and John Bowden. London: SCM Press, 1974.
Moo, Douglas J. The Epistle to the Roman. The New International Commentary of the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1996.
Osborne, Grant R. Romans. The IVP New Testament Commentary Series. Downers Grove: IVP Academic, 2004.
Pierce, Alexander H. “Apokatastasis, Genesis 1:26-27, and the Theology of History in Origens’s De Principiis.” Journal of Early Christian Studies 29, no. 2 (2021): 169–91.
Ramelli, Ilaria L. E. “Christian Soteriology and Christian Platonism: Origen, Gregory of Nyssa, and the Biblical and Philosophical Basis of the Doctrine of Apokatastasis.” Vigiliae Christianae 61, no. 3 (2007): 313–56. https://doi.org/10.1163/157007207X186051.
Robinson, J. A.T. In the End, God …: A Study of the Christian Doctrine of the Last Things. London: James Clarke & Co, 1950.
———. “Universalism—Is It Heretical?” Scottish Journal of Theology 2, no. 2 (1949): 139–55. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0036930600004518.
Sivasubramanian, David Muthukumar. “Toward a ‘Conditional Universalism’ Appraising Jürgen Moltmann’s Universalism in Light of Sin and Repentance.” Evangelical Quarterly: An International Review of Bible and Theology 92, no. 1 (2021): 39–55. https://doi.org/10.1163/27725472-09201004.
Stuhlmacher, Peter. Revisiting Paul’s Doctrine of Justification. Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press, 2021.
Szczerba, Wojciech. “The Concept of Universal Salvation Apokatastasis in the Thought of Friedrich Schleiermacher. An Outline.” Forum Philosophicum 26, no. 1 (2021): 99–122. https://doi.org/10.35765/forphil.2021.2601.07.
Winslow, Donald F. “Hope.” In Encyclopedia of Early Christianity, edited by Everett Ferguson. New York: Routledge, 1999.
Wright, N. T. “Universalism.” In New Dictionary of Theology: Historical and Systematic, edited by Martin Davie, Timothy Grass, Stephen R. Holmes, John McDowell, and T.A. Noble. Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press, 2016.
Zaluchu, Sonny Eli. “Strategi Penelitian Kualitatif dan Kuantitatif di Dalam Penelitian Agama.” Evangelikal: Jurnal Teologi Injili Dan Pembinaan Warga Jemaat 4, no. 1 (2020): 28–38. https://doi.org/10.46445/ejti.v4i1.167.
Unduhan
Diterbitkan
Terbitan
Bagian
Lisensi
Hak Cipta (c) 2026 KHARISMATA: Jurnal Teologi Pantekosta
Artikel ini berlisensiCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
